mindmap root((伪誓似乎招<br>致跳水克制)) refrain is likely to suggest the checking of a passing impulse: ~ from laughter in church. abstain usually implies deliberate renunciation or self-denial on principle and often permanency of intent: a vegetarian who ~s from all meat. forbear usually implies self-restraint rather than self-denial, be it from patience, charity, or clemency or from discretion or stoicism: taught himself to ~ such expressions of anger. plunge stresses the force of the movement and may imply entry into any penetrable substance or into a state or condition in which one is overwhelmed or immersed: he ~d eagerly into the new course of studies. dive suggests intent and may imply more deliberateness and more skill than plunge: pilots trained to ~, climb, and bank in unison. pitch is likely to stress lack of all intent or design: she caught her heel in a crack and ~ed to the ground; or may imply the alternate forward and backward plunging of a ship or a spaceship: struggled to control the capsule as it ~ed and yawed. incur usually implies responsibility for the acts that bring about what is incurred: a couple who adopts a child ~s a great responsibility. contract more strongly implies effective acquisition but often no definite responsibility for the act of acquiring; it also suggests a meeting between two things that permits transmission of something from one to the other: ~ a disease. 如he contracted a debt of $3,300负债3300美元，如evil habits are easy to contract染恶习容易 catch implies the acquiring of infection and in its broader use implies an acquiring through personal contact or association: ~ their interest. seem is likely to suggest an opinion based on subjective impressions and personal reaction: ~ed to be strong and healthy. look implies an opinion based on general visual impression: ~ed exactly like this picture. appear may convey the same implications as look but often it suggests an obviously distorted impression: an explanation that ~ed to be true. perjure in general as distinct from technical legal use, implies making a liar of oneself whether under oath or not: refused to ~ himself on anyone's behalf. forswear implies a violation of one's oath, promise, or vow or sometimes of something , such as one's principles or beliefs, that is as sacred as an oath: ~ the laws of her country in order to save the life of her child.